For citation:
Sushentsova, M. S., Miroshnichenko, M. A., & Lymar, Ph. A. (2021). Justice Problem with Marxist and Liberal Approaches: Philosophical Justification and Economic Interpretation. Zhurnal Economicheskoj Teorii [Russian Journal of Economic Theory], 18(1), 116-126, https://doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2021.18-1.8
Abstract:
This article compares Marx’s understanding of such concepts as rights, freedom and equality underlying the concept of justice with that of classical and modern liberalism. It is shown that Marx did not reject the key values of liberalism but approached them from two perspectives — historical and anthropological. On the one hand, Marx criticized the exercise of human rights under capitalism as «bourgeois», pointing out that they justify the alienation of the human condition and disguise economic exploitation as fair market exchange. On the other hand, Marx proposed his own model of future equality based on the values of self-realization and solidarity, and ultimately on his idea of the «generic» human nature. This approach goes beyond deontological justice, developed by modern liberal thought in the Rawlsian spirit, and at the same time brings Marx’s views closer to the tradition of natural law and modern communitarianism.
Berlin, I (1998). Dve kontseptsii svobody [Two concept of freedom]. Sovremennyy liberalizm: Rolz, Berlin, Dvorkin, Kimlika, Sendel, Teylor, Uoldron [Modern Liberalism: Rawls, Berlin, Dworkin, Kymlicka, Sandel, Taylor, Waldron]. Translated by L. B. Makeeva. Moscow, Russia: Dom intellektual’noy knigi, progress-Traditsiya, 248. (In Russ.)
Dvorkin, R. (1998). Liberalizm [Liberalism]. Sovremennyy liberalizm: Rolz, Berlin, Dvorkin, Kimlika, Sendel, Teylor, Uoldron [Modern Liberalism: Rawls, Berlin, Dworkin, Kymlicka, Sandel, Taylor, Waldron. Translated by L. B. Makeeva. Moscow, Russia: Dom intellektual’noy knigi, progress-Traditsiya, 248. (In Russ.)
Kymlicka, W. (1998). Liberal’noe ravenstvo [Liberal equality]. Sovremennyy liberalizm: Rolz, Berlin, Dvorkin, Kimlika, Sendel, Teylor, Uoldron [Modern Liberalism: Rawls, Berlin, Dworkin, Kymlicka, Sandel, Taylor, Waldron]. Translated by L.B. Makeeva. Moscow, Russia: Dom intellektual’noy knigi, progress-Traditsiya, 248. (In Russ.)
Locke, J. (1988). Sochineniya v trekh tomakh Opyty o zakone prirody [Questions Concerning the Law of Nature]. Moscow, Russia: Mysl’, 668. (In Russ.)
Makeeva, L. B. (1998). Sovremennyy liberalizm: Rolz, Berlin, Dvorkin, Kimlika, Sendel, Teylor, Uoldron [Modern Liberalism: Rawls, Berlin, Dworkin, Kymlicka, Sandel, Taylor, Waldron]. Translated by L. B. Makeeva. Moscow, Russia: Dom intellektual’noy knigi, progress-Traditsiya, 248. (In Russ.)
Makeeva, L. B. (2006). Filosofiya egalitarnogo liberalizma v SShA: Dzhon Rolz i Ronal’d Dvorkin [Philosophy of Egalitarian Liberalism in the United States: John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin]. Istoriya filosofii [History of philosophy], 12, 248. (In Russ.)
Marx, K. (1955). K Evreyskomu voprosu [On the Jewish Question]. Marks K., Engel’s F. Sochineniya. Izdanie vtoroe. Tom 1. [Selected of essays V. 1]. Moscow, Russia: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoy literatury, 599. (In Russ.)
Marx, K. (1955). K Kritike Gegelevskoy filosofii prava [Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right]. Marks K., Engel’s F. Sochineniya. Izdanie vtoroe. Tom 1. [Marx, Engels. Collection of essays V. 1]. Moscow, Russia: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoy literatury, 599. (In Russ.)
Marx, K. (1961). Kritika Gotskoy programmy [The critique of the Gotha Programme]. Marks K., Engel’s F. Sochineniya. Izdanie vtoroe. Tom 19. [Marx, Engels. Collection of essays V. 19]. Moscow, Russia: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoy literatury, 533. (In Russ.)
Marx, K. (1955). Manifest kommunisticheskoy partii [Manifesto of the Communist Party]. Marks K., Engel’s F. Sochineniya. Izdanie vtoroe. Tom 4. [Marx, Engels. Collection of essays V. 4]. Moscow, Russia: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoy literatury, 449. (In Russ.)
Marx, K. (1956). Ekonomichesko-filosofskie rukopisi 1844 goda [The economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844]. Marks K., Engel’s F. Iz rannikh proizvedeniy [Marx, Engels. From early writings]. Moscow, Russia: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoy literatury, 686. (In Russ.)
Marx, K. (1960). Kapital T. 1 [Capital V. 1]. Marks K., Engel’s F. Sochineniya. Izdanie vtoroe. Tom 23. [Marx, Engels. Collection of essays V. 23]. Moscow, Russia: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoy literatury, 900. (In Russ.)
Marx, K., & Engels F. (1955). Nemetskaya ideologiya. Kritika noveyshey nemetskoy filosofii v litse ee predstaviteley Feyerbakha, B. Bauera i Shtirnera i nemetskogo sotsializma v litse ego razlichnykh [Critique of Modern German Philosophy According to Its Representatives Feuerbach, B. Bauer and Stirner, and of German Socialism According to Its Various Prophets]. Marks K., Engel’s F. Sochineniya. Izdanie vtoroe. Tom 3. [Marx K., Engels F. Collection works. V. 3]. Moscow, Russia: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoy literatury, 625. (In Russ.)
Nozick, R. (2020). Anarkhiya, gosudarstvo i utopiya 2-e izd. [Anarchy, State, and Utopia. 2nd Edition]. Translated by B. Pinsker. Moscow; Chelyabinsk, Russia: Sotsium, 424. (In Russ.)
Rawls, J. (2006). Spravedlivost’ kak chestnost’ [Justice as a Fairness]. Logos, 1 (52), 35–60. (In Russ.)
Rawls, J. (1998). Idei blaga i prioriteta prava [The Priority of Right and Ideas of the Good]. Sovremennyy liberalizm: Rolz, Berlin, Dvorkin, Kimlika, Sendel, Teylor, Uoldron [Modern Liberalism: Rawls, Berlin, Dworkin, Kymlicka, Sandel, Taylor, Waldron]. Translated by L. B. Makeeva. Moscow, Russia: Dom intellektual’noy knigi, progress-Traditsiya, 248. (In Russ.)
Sandel, M. (1998) Liberalizm i predely spravedlivosti [Liberalism and the Limits of Justice]. Sovremennyy liberalizm: Rolz, Berlin, Dvorkin, Kimlika, Sendel, Teylor, Uoldron [Modern Liberalism: Rawls, Berlin, Dworkin, Kymlicka, Sandel, Taylor, Waldron]. Translated by L.B. Makeeva. Moscow, Russia: Dom intellektual’noy knigi, progress-Traditsiya, 248. (In Russ.)
Taylor, Ch. (1998). Peresechenie tseley: spor mezhdu liberalami i kommunitaristami [Liberalism and Moral Life]. Sovremennyy liberalizm: Rolz, Berlin, Dvorkin, Kimlika, Sendel, Teylor, Uoldron [Modern Liberalism: Rawls, Berlin, Dworkin, Kymlicka, Sandel, Taylor, Waldron. Translated by L. B. Makeeva. Moscow, Russia: Dom intellektual’noy knigi, progress-Traditsiya, 248. (In Russ.)
Cannon, B. (2015). Marx, Modernity and Human Rights. Constructing Marxist Ethics: Critique, Normativity, Praxis. In Thompson M. (Eds.). Brill, 165–191. DOI: 10.1163/9789004254152_009.
Hamad, W. (2015). Reclaiming Marx: Principles of Justice as a Critical Foundation in Moral Realism. Constructing Marxist Ethics: Critique, Normativity, Praxis. In Thompson M. (Eds.). Brill, 109–143. DOI: 10.1163/9789004254152_007.
Henning, C. (2015). Political Economy with Perfectionist Premises: Three Types of Criticism in Marx. Constructing Marxist Ethics: Critique, Normativity, Praxis. In Thompson M. (Eds.). Brill, 266–287. DOI: 10.1163/9789004254152_012.
McCarthy, G. (2015). Last of the Schoolmen: Natural Law and Social Justice in Karl Marx. Constructing Marxist Ethics: Critique, Normativity, Praxis. In Thompson M. (Eds.). Brill, 192–232. DOI:10.1163/9789004254152_010.
Sayers S. (2015). Marx as a Critic of Liberalism. Constructing Marxist Ethics: Critique, Normativity, Praxis. In Thompson M. (Eds.). Brill, 144–164. DOI: 10.1163/9789004254152_004.
Wei, X (2008). From Principle to Context: Marx versus Nozick and Rawls on Distributive Justice. Rethinking Marxism, 20(3), 472–486. DOI: 10.1080/08935690802137720.